Feminist Elements in A Rose for Emily

Feminist Elements in A Rose for EmilyA Rose for Emily is a short floor written by William Faulkner, castoff published in the Forum paper in 1930 . It tells a boloney of head for the hills Emily Grierson, a noble old spinster, who lives in Jefferson fictional city located in the state of put downissippi. One day she falls in have intercourse with Homer Barron, a Yankee who in fact does non want to marry her. Therefore, later on Miss Emily kills him and for the next 40 years has slept with the corpse of her lover. While interpreting this funny work, most of the literary critiques pay attention to the spectacular form of narration and play with the time. However, this figment outhousenot be read merely as an experiment with narrative chronology. William Faulkner wrote to the highest degree childhood, families, sex, race, obsession, () South and modern world.(Baym) He went very profoundly into his characters minds reconstructing at the like time an entire southern night club. A Rose for Emily is a peculiar social commentary which perfectly presents the role and demands of women during the early 20th century, and pressures of the confederation and dashs in which it can wear people down. Therefore, I bet we can find very interesting aspects of this story if we look at it from a feminist point of view. As Du Fang (2007) pointed out, this work comments on venerable chauvinism, puritan cleaning cleaning womanhood as well as the societys perception of the female.The scratch line aspect I would like to focus on is the issue of gray chauvinism which seems to prevail throughout the story. The patriarchal chauvinism means that it is the amaze who enjoys the absolute power in deciding every family affair. (Du Fang) In A Rose for Emily Faulkner presents the South as an area powerfully traditional, family-centred and with a clearly defined social roles. At the beginning of the 20th century women in the South were discriminated as well as docile to me n. It was the man, most often, the become who had a dominant power, who was intolerant of any opposition. Miss Emily is a predict who lives in the shadow of her suffer.We had long thought of them as a tableau. Miss Emily a slender figure in white in the background, her father a spr totled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip, the two of them inclose by the backflung front door. (Faulkner, 11)In this description, Mr. Grierson is big and tall, whereas Emily is small and frail. As Du Fang (2007) noted, having a horsewhip in the hand whitethorn suggest organism harsh, strict and treating the daughter as a possession. Therefore, it is not a surprise when Mr. Grierson withdraws Miss Emily from the outside world and deprives her of potential womans happiness. None of the young men were quite an good enough for Miss Emily and such.(Faulkner, 11) The father prevents any young gentlemen from marrying his daughter. He does not take into consideration her necessitate, innermost feelings as well as a sheer desire of being fulfilled as a woman. What is more, even after the fathers death Emily ashes in his shadow. She does not bear on disposing Mr. Griersons body as it is the only way of not being leftfield alone.The second aspect which is worth mentioning, is the issue of womanhood downstairs puritan influence. The southerners regarded the religion as one of the most prevailing and potent factors in their lives. The South is known as the Bible Belt, the region of the domain where the Bible still has a stronghold. (Hart, 1998) Therefore, it does not come as a surprise that southern men followed the Biblical conviction that a woman is the cause of all evils and problems in the world. Moreover, they implemented this belief so deeply in their lives that womens situation inconceivably deteriorated. Females were deprived of property their own individualities, discriminated and conquer by men. Any desires concerning sex or everyday life were condemned and hard-boiled as whims. Miss Emily can be in a way regarded as a victim of the puritan womanhood, although not entirely. She is dominated by her tyrannical father, she never lives her own life. She controls her desires to not violate the norms and standards imposed on her by the society. However, later on, after her fathers death Miss Emily enters into a love affair with Homer Barron, a Yankee. Such behaviour is inadmissible and seriously condemned in southern society. Due to that, her shift in the conduct may be interpreted as a protest against tradition, conventional set of decent human conduct. At this point Miss Emily does what all feminists do she rebels against the limitations, gender rules imposed by patriarchal social forces. It does not thing that later on she is left by Homer and her brave acting comes to nothing. What only counts is her defence against limitations and protection of her rights as a woman.The last cant over I want to look at the A Rose for Emily would be the societys perception of female. Every human lives in a certain society and is influenced by its traditions and principles. A society is an institution which has a right to arbitrator and sustain the pressure. Thus, people create a strong sense of ones obligation for another. In A Rose for Emily, Miss Emily gets into this trap. Jeffersons community feels a neat obligation to take care of her and control her actions. Throughout the story, she is perceived by her environment as a weak and dependent woman. When her father dies she is left alone. She does not have a man to care for her, so the township council decides to absolve her tax duties. The people of the town attempt to accommodate her needs by offering their help and sympathy. They also try to be indulgent with her eccentricities dating with a Yankee, buying a poison or keeping corpse of her father. This caretaking of Miss Emily depicts the perception of woman during that period of time. A woma n without a man is helpless. She is not able earn her living as well as to remain mentally well and function correctly in the society.A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner presents perfectly reconstructed look of southern society and its faults. This short, but at the same time, captivating story is a marvellous commentary on female position and her fundamental interaction with society. A woman is repressed and oppressed by men be it her father, lover or husband. She is taught and forced to live according to the well-established principles and rules. Disobedience results in condemnation, disrespect as well as in isolation. Therefore, woman remains in the shadow and does not go beyond her scope of work. To add fuel to the fire, a woman is regarded by her society as a weak, dependent and not self-sufficient. All this elements are strongly indicated in A Rose for Emily. Thanks to such intricate and multidimensional work we can interpret it on many levels and every time come up with d ifferent conclusions.

Content Analysis of Web-based Norovirus Education Materials

cloy let online of Web-based no(prenominal)ovirus Education MaterialsContent Analysis of Web-based Norovirus Education Materials Targeting Consumers Who Prep ar and Handle fare An Assessment of co-occurrence and discernabilityHillary EvansaMorgan GettyaCortney M. Le whizzaMichael FinneybAngela Frasera*a department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USAbDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA lift word countHuma norovir accustoms sicken 19-21 million people in the U.S. s foreverally year, suggesting the take on for education. The valet de chambre Wide Web is a readily r individuallyable source of tutoring any(prenominal)what how to pr blusht a norovirus infection tho at present the the true and discernability of materials targeting consumers is unknown. The aim of our field of view was to prize the alignment and legibility of web-based norovirus education materials targeting consumers util ise CDC guidelines and Microsoft Word readability formulas. Our look to yielded 60 artifacts. Most did non point of reference duration of bookwashing (83%), use of pay sanitizers (83%), type of drying devices (92%), or evasion of b ar- chip in hit with ready-to-eat pabulums (97%). less(prenominal) than half (n=29) recommended minimizing disturb with sick persons. Two-thirds of the artifacts (n=40) in like dash did non mention the recommended concentration of sodium hypochlorite (bleach) outcome to be utilize to wash surfaces contaminated with Noroviruses. The mildly Flesch tuition quench set was 47.75 (score of 70 is easy to read), and the mean Flesch-Kincaid Grade take aim was 10.36 so documents were written at a 10th alumna level. The alignment and readability of web-based educational materials rough Noroviruses must be improved as fellowship is a prerequisite to application of behaviors that can prevent angiotensin converting enzyme from becoming infec ted with Noroviruses.Key words Huma noroviruses, content analysis, consumer education, forage safety, readabilityContent Analysis of Web-based Norovirus Education Materials Targeting Consumers who Prep are and Handle Food An Assessment of Alignment and discernabilityINTRODUCTIONWorld blanket(a), noroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis. In the U.S., an estimated 21 million individuals (1 in 14) are sickened each year by this group of viruses resulting in $777 million in wellnesscare costs (Hall et al., 2013). Most allege outbreaks are attri merelyed to person-to-person touch on (69%) followed by the consumption of contaminated nourishment (23%) making noroviruses the around common cause of foodborne disease (58% of cases) in the U.S. ((Hall, Wikswo, Pringle, Gould, Parashar, 2014 Scallan et al, 2011).Results from a nationally representative survey of 1051 U.S. adults revealed that consumers are not aware of noroviruses and affirm limited knowledge about how to prevent an infection. Forty-seven percent of respondents account awareness of noroviruses, and 85% had heard of the terms cruise ship virus, the leap out bug, or the stomach flu, which are comm lonesome(prenominal) utilize to describe norovirusess (Cates, Kosa, Brophy, Hall, Fraser, 2015). Less than one-third (341) correctly answered 50% or more of the 22 true-and-false questions, suggesting consumers shake up limited knowledge on how to prevent a norovirus infection. These findings support the need to provide consumers with consummate and complete study about noroviruses as knowledge is a prerequisite to utensilation of a behavior (DiClemente et al., 1989 Fisher Fisher, 1992).The World Wide Web (hereafter referred to as the Web) is one way to reach consumers with information about how to prevent a norovirus infection. Eighty-seven percent (87%) of U.S. adults use the internet, and of those, 72 percent use the Web to seek health information (Pew look Center, 2014). eyepatch the internet has accelerated the speed and spread of information, it also has a downside allowing the dissemination and diffusion of information without checks and balances, peer review, and/or fact checking. tercet studies that treasured health information on helping cave in(predicate) online key outed a lack of eccentric information characterized by accuracy of content and/or appropriate institution and usability (Berland et al., 2001 Scullard, Peacock, Davies, 2010 Irwin et al., 2011). Moreover, a systematic review of medical information and support the above-mentioned authors conclusions that there is a lack of high- lineament sites on the Web that base on balls complete and accurate information on various health topics (Eysenbach, Powell, Kuss, Sa, 2002). unmatched occupation with inaccurate or misleading health information be so accessible on the Web is that the user of this information expertness implement recommendations that adjudge no effect on preventing the targeted disease or condition or even worse one susceptibility implement recommendations that cause harm (Ilic, 2010). In addition to providing accurate and complete information, it is also important to determine if recommendations, or changes that might become recommendations in the approximate future, are relevant and practical chthonian real-world conditions.Another problem is the readability of the textual matter. If the text is not easy to read its usability is greatly diminished. To illustrate how wide ranging this problem could be one needs to merely read the billet(a) Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL), released in 2006 by the U.S. Department of Education. The authors report that 30 million adults struggle with basic reading tasks, which represents closely 10% of the U.S. existence (Kutner, Greenburg, Jin, Paulsen, 2006). Within the context of health information, Kessels (2003) pointed out that 40-80% of information provided to long-sufferings by h ealth professionals is forgotten immediately not only because terminology is too unvoiced to understand besides often too much information is presented at one time leading to poor recall. One conclusion is that when text is too difficult to read, the reader could become frustrated hence they go over reading, hence the purpose of the materials is not achieved improving knowledge.Using the results of a readability formula is also recommended by experts to guide the development of written serve as it is recommended to write documents for U.S. adults at the 7th tick level and documents about health, medicine, or safety at the fifth grade level (DuBay, 2004). As an assessment tool, one of the several dozen readability formulas are usable and convenient but must be employed with caution. These formulas determine the grade level demand of specific written information based on an analysis of sentence structure and word length. But, readability does not inescapably guarantee comprehe nsion, which is the degree to which one understands what they have read (U.S. Department of health and Human Services, 2010). Assessing comprehension is a much more complex task, which is wherefore readability is more commonly used as a full general indicator of how easy a document is to read.Therefore, we assert that if consumer education materials are aligned with read-based guidance documents and are easy to read, the reader is more potential to engage in behaviors known to prevent Noroviruses. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate the alignment and readability of Noroviruses consumer education materials available on the Web using evidence-based guidance documents and Microsoft Word readability formulas. Two research questions guided our study 1) Are noroviruses materials targeting consumers who delvele food aligned with the triplet saloon strategies for noroviruses recommended in CDC guidance documents? and 2) Are materials written at the recommended grade level for health-re belatedlyd documents (5th grade level)? Our study findings can be used to inform the revision or creation of consumer education materials that focus on preventing a norovirus infection.METHODS To be include in the stress, eligible educational materials (referred to as artifacts hereafter) were publish between January 1, 2011 and may 23, 2013 and 1) target adult consumers, 2) pertain to preparing food in the radical, and 3) be available via Advanced Search of Google.com. The start date of our search was chosen because in January 2011, Scallan et al. (2011) reported that Noroviruses causes 58% of foodborne disease in the U.S. We excluded artifacts directed toward children and those formatted as blogs, news articles, theses, dissertations, research articles, Wikipedia entries, question/answer sites, forums, and continuing education training materials. We conducted a Google.com Advanced Search using the following search string Norovirus AND food dieling AND food preparat ion. Food-related terms were chosen as we assumed this would set our findings to artifacts that address preventing Norovirus infections related to food preparation in the home. Artifacts were sorted by relevance, and two team members veiled each artifact based on inclusion body criteria. marrowly eligible artifacts were downloaded as Portable Document Format (PDF) files or HyperText Markup Language (HTML) files.A cryptanalytics manual comprised of 71 items divided into 4 topic areas was created. The topic areas included 1) identifying information, 2) format (including readability statistics), 3) content (including food safety hazards), and 4) prevention strategies. The items in Table 1 assess lead prevention strategies outlined in the Centers for unhealthiness bid and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for preventing and managing a norovirus infection 1) mass hygiene, 2) excision and isolation of sick individuals, and 3) milieual sanitation (Hall et al., 2011). era these gui delines were designed for use in health care and not home settings, at the time of the analysis we believed and continue to believe they were the best source of evidence-based information to prevent norovirus infections.A corresponding SurveyMonkey (Survey Monkey Inc., Paolo Alto, CA) instrument served as the coding sheet. Four trained coders independently conducted a pilot- study of the coding manual. Inconsistencies or ambiguities found in the manual during piloting were corrected originally analysis began. Two trained coders past independently reviewed each artifact. Responses were entered into the SurveyMonkey instrument. All responses were exported to an Excel spreadsheet. A third coder reconciled disagreements between coders.establish on alignment, each artifact was assigned a total score, and sub-scores across the three disease management guidance documents were assessed hand hygiene, isolation and exclusion of sick persons, and environmental sanitation. The maximum poss ible quality scores for each topic area were 7, 2, and 5, respectively. Response frequencies as well as mean scores, standard deviations, and ranges were calculated using SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC).To assess readability, we used two formulas Flesch education Ease and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level both available in Microsoft Word. Flesch Reading Ease scores range from 0- c, with a lower score indicating that a document is more difficult to read than one with a high score. A score of 70 or above is classified as easy and is written at the grade school level. A score of 60 to 70 is standard and is written at the high school level. A score of 60 or below is difficult. The Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level uses mean sentence and word length to determine grade level between grades 3 and 12 (DAlessandro, Kingsley, Johnson-West, 2001).RESULTS Our Google Advanced Search yielded 826 results. After initiative and viewing the first 292 results (sorted by relevance) the following was di splayed on the results listing screen In order to show you the most relevant results, we have omitted some entries very similar to the 292 already displayed. If you like, you can repeat the search with the omitted results included. We retell the search and determined all results were duplicates of those already viewed. These 292 results were screened using our three eligibility criteria and yielded 74 artifacts which were then downloaded. After a second screening, 14 artifacts were removed delinquent to page unavailability, duplicity, or ill-use target audience. A total of 60 artifacts were included and canvass. explore Question 1 Alignment with Prevention StrategiesThe total mean score across all three prevention strategies was low 5.2 of 14 points suggesting artifacts were not aligned with CDC guidance documents (Table 2). All (N=60 100%) artifacts mentioned at least one of the seven components of hand hygiene we assessed but the mean sub-score for hand hygiene was low, 2.3 of 7 points (SD=0.77). Most artifacts (83%) did not address length of handwashing, type of drying devices (92%), avoidance of bare-hand contact with ready-to-eat foods (97%), or use of hand sanitizers (83%). One artifact enounced that hand sanitizers were an acceptable alternative to hand washing. Of the artifacts that mentioned exclusion and isolation of sick individuals (78%), the mean score was 1.2 of 2. In nearly all artifacts (72%) sick individuals were discouraged from preparing food for others, but 48% recommended minimizing contact with sick persons. Less than half (48%) addressed at least one aspect of environmental sanitation with the mean quality score 1.7 of 5.Research Question 2 ReadabilityThe mean Flesch Reading Ease for our hear was 47.6, indicating artifacts were difficult to read as the score is th grade) for health-related materials (DAlessandro, Kingsley, Johnson-West, 2001).DISCUSSION familiarity is an underlying construct in numerous health behavior models needful for one to take informed action, such as implementing strategies to prevent a norovirus infection. So it is reasonable to assert that if one does not have accurate and complete information about these strategies, then one cannot engage in necessary behaviors, defeating the purpose of consumer education. In addition to providing accurate and complete information, the information must also be practical and presented in a manner that is easy to read to increase the likelihood that the recommendations will be implemented. For these reasons, we discerpd consumer-targeted materials available on the Web to determine if existing materials need to be revised or new materials created as we believe consumer education is vituperative to preventing norovirus infections.In our analysis, we found information was omitted and/or inconsistent with the CDC guidelines. For example, many artifacts did not address length of hand washing, use of hand sanitizers, type of drying devices, and avoid ance of bare-hand contact with ready-to-eat foods. While many discouraged preparing food, less than half recommended denigrate contact with sick persons. Furthermore, disinfection was frequently mentioned but the recommended concentration of sodium hypochlorite (bleach) resolving to be used to disinfect surfaces contaminated with noroviruses was not. And, none addressed the saucy up of vomit and fecal matter. It is finished the proper implementation of the three prevention strategies (hand hygiene, exclusion and isolation of sick individuals, and environmental sanitation) that we begin to overthrow the burden of infirmity attributed to noroviruses.One obvious reason for the incompleteness and/or omission of information is the creators of materials in our sample might not have known about the CDC prevention guidelines. The guidelines were publish in March 2011 in Morbidity death rate Weekly Report (MMWR) which is in the public domain, but MMWR might not be a known or commonly used source of information for those who author consumer education materials. As a result, information to guide development of materials came from other sources, for which the evidence base might be unknown or perhaps incorrect. To illustrate, it is well known that an in force(p) hand wash can disrupt transmittance of noroviruses with effective hand wash defined as applying hand soap to turn over then using friction (rubbing transfer together) for a sufficient time (Michaels et al., 2002). While a scrub time of 10-20 seconds is commonly recommended as sufficient by the CDC and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA, 2013 Hall et al., 2011), three laboratory studies report longer wash times are needed to remove microorganisms (Ojajrvi, 1980 Fuls et al., 2008 Jensen, Danyluk, Harris, and Schaffner, 2015). To further complicate matters, some experts question the evidence base for scrubbing hands for 10-20 seconds suggesting an even shorter time (Bloomfield et al, FILL IN).The se various positions on length of a handwash illustrates the importance of creating (and subsequently using) evidence-based guidelines to inform development of consumer education materials as recommendations cannot be based on one or two published studies. In health care, clinicians commonly use clinical evidence-based recital guidelines, recommendations consistently developed by panels of experts who have access to the available evidence and an sense of the clinical problem and research methods as these clinicians, just like food safety educators, might not have the expertise to consider the quality of the evidence. Thus, evidence-based guidelines such as those prepared by the CDC should underpin consumer education efforts about preventing norovirus infections.However, these guidelines should be routinely reviewed and updated as even within the CDC guidelines there are gaps in information as the present evidence base to inform norovirus prevention strategies is incomplete. When e ducators are faced with incomplete information they might use whatever information is available, even if it is not grounded in science, or and simply ignore omit facts (Kardes et al., 2008 Sanbonmatsu, Kardes, Herr, 1992 Simmons Lynch, 1991). One clear example of this centers virtually vomit and fecal matter clean up, which none of the reviewed materials addressed. To disrupt the transmission of noroviruses, vomitus and feces must be properly cleaned up. But, how far out one needs to disinfect an area to eliminate noroviruses is unknown as the evidence to support a geographic radius is inconclusive. The only published evidence we have suggests that vomit can be deposited up to 25 feet from its point source but these findings are based on one epidemiological study and not a well-designed laboratory-controlled study (Booth, 2014).Moreover, even when the evidence base is good, sometimes information that is presented is not complete. Case in point, many materials recommended using s odium hypochlorite (bleach) solutions to treat surfaces, which is correct, but most did not state a concentration of the disinfection solution. Norovirus is a hardy pathogen that resists most disinfection strategies and persists in the environment for long periods, possibly weeks (give citation) illustrating the importance of using a chlorine solution at the proper concentration (Doultree, Druce, Birch, Marshall, 1999 Gulati, Allwood, Hedberg, Goyal, 2001 Jimenez Chiang 2006 Belliot, Lavaux, Souihel, Agnello, Pothier, 2008). One explanation for this lack of detail could be that some authors presented motivational messages, which tend to be briefer than procedural messages. While motivation is important, alone it is not sufficient because one can be motivated to enact a behavior but do it wrong which is why consumers must have accurate as well as complete information. It is important to note that we did not evaluate the electronic messaging forward motion as this was beyond the scope of this study but an analysis of messaging approach should be considered in future analyses of materials.Another potential problem is that in the absence of consumer-targeted prevention strategies, government regulations are often used as a proxy. This appears to be a sensible approach as the presumption is that most regulations are grounded in science. However, one must physical exercise caution as regulations might not always based on the most current evidence given the often lengthy acceptance process. Take for example the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers as an alternative for hand washing, which the U.S. Food Code prohibits, and which most artifacts in our sample did not mention. In 2002 the CDC released Guidelines for Hand Hygiene in Healthcare but in may 2003 the FDA prepared a written response, clearly stating the CDC guidelines could not be use to foodservice establishments (FDA, 2003). The underlying logic was that (1) pathogens commonly transmitted by hands i n health-care settings differ from those transmitted in foodservice settings (2) the use of alcohol-based hand rubs in go into of hand-washing has not been shown to reduce important foodborne pathogens on food worker hands and (3) the types and levels of soil on the hands of health care workers differ from that on the hands of foodservice and retail food handlers. Another concern was that darn alcohol-based hand sanitizers have been demonstrated to be effective for many pathogens, their energy has not been consistently demonstrated for norovirus. It is ill-defined how much published evidence has been used to support these recommendations as much has been learned about hand hygiene in the last 20 years. In reality, information suggests that some hand sanitizer formulations may be somewhat effective while others are not. Obviously, this maculation is complex, and in the interest of providing a clear message, it may be unclear whether to include recommendations regarding alcohol-ba sed hand sanitizers or to rely on government regulations. The right approach would be to omit the recommendation whereas, some authors may dissolve to provide the knowledge under the impression that recommending some hand alter behavior is better than no recommendation.Some guidelines might be viewed by educators as impractical or unnecessary to implement in a home setting. An example of this is not handling food when sick, which was mentioned but minimizing contact with sick persons was addressed less frequently. This is a significant oversight as many people do not realize that noroviruses are transferred via the fecal-oral travel plan (i.e., associated with contacting persons, contaminated surfaces, and food) (CATES ARTICLE). In a regulated food facility, workers cannot work while ill to minimize sickening others as well as soiled surfaces and food. This recommendation might not be possible in a home setting as one probably cannot isolate themselves from others in the househo ld as well as they might be the immemorial food preparer. This illustrates why it is important to analyze not only the accuracy and completeness of information but also its practicality.Along with lack of alignment, the artifacts in our sample were also not easy to read written at a high school grade level and not at the 5th grade level as suggested. Our study findings are consistent with a study conducted by Badarudeen and Sanjeev (2010) who concluded that in a health-care setting patient education materials were often too difficult to read and could not be comprehended by a substantial portion of the adult U.S. population. Therefore, even when information is accurate, if a reader cannot understand it, they cannot act on it. educational materials are only as beneficial as the knowledge gained as a result of being able to read them.LimitationsDue to the ever changing nature of the Web, artifacts sampled during the study could change as time progresses so new materials that might b e better aligned with CDC guidance documents and that are easy to read might be available. Likewise, knowledge evolves in late 2014, the CDC published on their website five messages to help consumers prevent a norovirus infections 1) practice proper hand hygiene 2) take care in the kitchen 3) do not prepare food while infected 4) clean and disinfect contaminated surfaces and 5) wash laundry thoroughly (CDC, 2015). However, coding and analysis had already been completed so kitchen and laundry practices were not assessed, demonstrating the challenge of evaluating web-based health messages. Further, to analyze the readability of the artifacts in our sample, we used two readability formulas available through Microsoft Word. This method is widely used, but also not comprehensive, as it only considers factors such as word and sentence length so does not take into consideration comprehension. Future research should also be do to assess materials using the CDC Clear Communication Index, wh ich is a set of 20 items that can be used to develop as well as assess public communication products (CDC, 2014a). The 20 items in the Index mannikin on and expand plain language techniques described in the federal Plain Language Guidance documents (Plain Language Action and Information Network, 2011). resultAt present, there still is a need to revise and possibly create materials that are accurate, complete, practical, and easy to read. Consumer education, if approached properly, could help reduce the burden of illness attributed to noroviruses, the number one cause of acute gastroenteritis and foodborne disease. To be effective, consumer-targeted materials must be aligned with evidence-based guidelines that carefully assess the practicality and necessity of the recommendations in a home environment. While government regulations are sometimes used as a proxy for recommendations to be applied in a home setting, one must use caution in doing so as the regulatory provisions might no t be grounded in the most current science or might be impractical under home conditions. Most importantly, evidence-based guidelines also need to be periodically as the evidence base to inform practices continues to grow. 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Available at http//www.cdc.gov/ccindex/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014b). Norovirus. Accessed 27 August 2015. Available at http//www.cdc.gov/norovirus/DAlessandro, D. M., Kingsley, P., Johnson-West, J. (2001).The readability of paediatric patient education materials on the World Wide Web. Archives of paediatrics Adolescent Medicine, 155(7), 807-812.DiClemente, R. J., Pies, C. A., Stoller, E. J., Straits, C., Olivia, G. E., Haskin, J., Rutherford, G. W. (1989). Evaluation of school-based AIDS education curricula in San Francisco.The Journal of end up Research, 26(2), 188-198.Doultree, J. C., Druce, J. D., Birch, C. J., Bowden, D. S., Marshall, J. A. (1999). Inactivation of feline calicivirus, a Norwalk virus surrogate. Journal of Hospital Infection, 41, 51-57.DuBay, W. H. (2004).The principles of readability. rib Mesa, CA Impact Information.Eysenbach, G., Powel l, J., Kuss, O., Sa, E.-R. (2002). Empirical studies assessing the quality of health information for consumers on the World Wide Web a systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Association, 287(20), 2691-2700.Fisher, J. D., Fisher, W. A. (1992). Changing AIDS risk behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 3, 455-474.Fuls, J. L., Rodgers, N. D.,Fischler, G. E., Howard, J. M., Patel, M.,Weidner, P. L., Duran, M. H. (2008). Alternative hand contamination technique to compare the activities of antimicrobial and non-antimicrobial soaps under different test conditions. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 74(12), 3739-3744.Girard, M., Ngazoa, S., Mattison, K., Jean, J. (2010).Attachment of noroviruses to stainless steel and their inactivation, using household disinfectants. Journal of Food Protection, 73(2), 400-404.Gulati, B. R., Allwood, P. B., Hedberg, C. W., Goyal, S. M. (2001). Efficacy of commonly used disinfectants for the inactivation of calicivirus on strawberry, lettuce, and a food-contact surface. Journal of Food Protection, 64(9), 1430-1434.Hall, A. J., Lopman, B. A., Payne, D. C., Patel, M. M., Gastaaduy, P. A., Vinj, J., Parashar, U. D. (2013). Norovirus disease in the United States. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 19(8), 1198-1205.Hall, A. J., Vinj, J., Lopman, B., Park, G. W., Yen, C., Gregoricus, N., Parashar, U. (2011). Updated norovirus outbreak management and disease prevention guidance documents. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 60(3), 1-15.Hall, A. J., Wikswo, M. E., Pringle, K., Gould, L. H., Parashar, U. D. (2014). Vital signs foodborne norovirus outbreaks- United States, 2009-2012.Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 63(22), 491-495.Huang, C., Ma, W., Stack, S. (2012). The hygienic efficacy of different hand-drying methods a review of the evidence. Mayo Clini

Functions of Investment Banks

Functions of coronation BanksA Critical Discussion of the study FunctionsPerformed by enthronisation Banks.Glossary (Jump to)AbstractChapter 1 The Major Functions of investiture BanksSummaryBills of ExchangeCorporate Financeinvestment funds ManagementChapter 2 Conclusions and RecommendationsBibliographyAbstractInvestment chamfers evolved as a take of lucrative merchandiser centers located in the north of Italy, Belgium as considerably as Holland from the s stock-stillteenth through and through 19th centuries. During that period Europes most influential merchant families moved to the United Kingdom as it was becoming the merchant and banking center of the region. Said list included the Barings, Rothchilds, and Warburg families and their interests (Kuhn, Robert. 1990)1. Developments in the United States resulted in that country becoming the center of pecuniary activity in the belatedly 20th century and saw the rise of JP Morgan, Goldman Sachs Merrill Lynch and Morgan Stal ey joining the ranks of the senior investing powers (Carosso, 1970)2.Investment banking sees a broad spectrum of financial go that be dispensed by divers(a) specialists in conjunction with global investing banks. The services f argond by these institutions includes (Lott, 2001)3Underwriting,Distribution,The maintenance of marts in bonds, shargons and securities issued by public entities and disdaines, as well asOther servicesIn contrast to the services provided by commercial banks, where the principle functions be to accept deposits and make loans to consumers and business on a short-term basis, enthronisation banks engage in four-spot important functions (Lott, 2001)4Assist in the arrangement for the provision of specie to corporations and governments through underwriting as well as distributing new securities issues,Maintenance of markets for securities through the handicraft and execution of orders for secondary market actions,Administer advice with respect to the purchase, sale and passoff of securities as well as other financial stadiums,The creation and vigilance of varied investing vehicles.In addition to the foregoing, investment banks also perform a number of other important proceedings and functions that atomic number 18 the cognitive content of discussion in this paper.Chapter 1 The Major Functions of Investment Banks1.1 SummaryInvestment banking consists of a broad array of financial transactions. Some of the more well-kn give birth(prenominal) atomic number 18 (Lott, 2001)5Underwriting,Syndication,Corporate Demand CapitalTenders and,Investment banking functionsIt is this make it area that shall for the basis for examination.Bills of Exchange (Williamson, 1988)6These are independent instruments of debt that carry the signature of the node (debtor). In summary, it is an order that directs a specific sum is to be salaried to a specific individual. This instrument safeguards that a bill is accepted so that control is not lo st of the item(s) involved. A bill of exchange acquits a stated date of payment that must be concluded on that date irrespective of any disputes concerning the item named. There are lawful measures to prevent payment, termed non-honoring, which are subject to differing rules depending upon the country involved.Corporate Finance (Williamson, 1988)7This spirit of investment banking acquaints a specific pay area that deals with corporate financial decisions as well as the tools and analysis formulas and processes utilized to arrive at these decisions. It is divided into short-term and long-term techniques and decisions whereby the objective is to enhance corporate grade through ensuring the turn over on let outstanding is more than the cost of capital. The equation rests on a conservative application of take a chances.Corporate finance is related to managerial finance, although the latter is larger in scope as it think ofs financial techniques that are possible in all busine ss forms, whether they are corporate or non-corporate.initial offerings (efmoody, 2005)8Termed Initial Public Offerings, IPOs represent the beginning of a publicly listed company and as such(prenominal) those investors whom are in position at this stage are poised to reap almost immediate gains if the stock rises on open up twenty-four hours. Similarly, these same investors stand to lose money if the opening price drops substantially. During the last few years the offering prices have tended to average out as being overpriced. This is borne out by the fact that the closing price, on average, the day of opening generated an annual return of just 2%.In monetary value of profitability, IPOs generate large fees for the participating firms and represent the most profitable underwriting area. Fees popularly average seven percent (7%). After the conglomerate splits between managing underwriters, brokerage firms, law firms and staff the profit hovers in the 34% through 40% range. This service is a cornerstone in aiding firms to bollocks up securities needed to expand or underwrite operations and as such represents one of the more important functions performed by investment banks.Rights Issues (Constantinides et al, 2002)9These are sack updor issues whereby shareholders of record have the right to purchase new shares that have a fixed exercise price.Mergers Acquisitions (Allen et al, 2000)10Investment banks act in the capacity as advisors in merger and skill deals. In working with both the target(s) of acquisition as well as the acquirer(s), investment banks provide their information expertise to help arrive at the reservation price. They also aim the potential for gains and the risks in the transaction. And while investment banks have a vested interest in these deals, their pragmatism is an effective counter weight in confineing a balance between undervaluing and overvaluing. Operating under banking regulations, investment banks represent a sort of interm ediary that engenders public trust in the legitimacy of the transaction and is a part of a system that represent checks and balances over these references of transactions. commercial-grade banks might have potential conflicts of interest in these types of deals, so even while they have recently taken on this role, the majority of these transactions are still funneled through investment banks.Investment Management (Williamson, 1988)11As the term implies, investment watchfulness is also known as portfolio management as well as money management. It is a segment of investment analysis that examines the management of money relating to securities purchases as well as their sale. graduate(prenominal) Net Worth Individuals (Williamson, 1988)12Investment banking services for individuals of gamy-pitched net charge has been a long standing feature for an elite group whose banking investment needs exceed the capabilities of commercial banks and traditional specialists. The complex variable regarding the thickenings return targets and relative degrees of risk along with long as well as short-term requirements represent specialized analysis. The resources of an investment bank are suited to meet the demanding requirements of these types of individuals as well as confidentiality. The passing sophisticated variables comprising recommendations and placement in various instruments are crafted to fit an ratified plan of action. Because higher(prenominal) net deserving individuals have access to their own channels of information, the demands of these types of clients in cost of sophistication requires the resources of a specialized institution.Corporations (Williamson, 1988)13The investment management of corporations entails handling a number of asset management areas. As is the case with high net worth individuals, it entails an extensive analysis of the goals and objectives want as well as the cash availability requirements for specific periods of time. The forward represents a valuable service as a result of the high level contacts and access to specialized information, opportunities and rates of return with moderate risk that investment banks can avail themselves of.Pension cash (Williamson, 1988)14These depots represent extremely large sums that require placement in investment avenues that contain high degrees of safety as well as meeting return rates in established parameters. The important nature of these retirement gold requires an institution to pay close attention to risk avoidance as well as any potential changes and shifts in the market that could potentially affect the money in the Fund.Mutual Funds (Williamson, 1988)15In terms of mutual property, there are literally hundreds of investment company types to select from as a result of the categorizations within this group. One particular type of fund which investment banks have an advantage over commercial banks is in bilk funds. These types of funds are unregulated and usuall y governed by unconventional strategies. hold over funds trade in equities, money markets and bonds and offer yields as well as risks that exceed traditional long stock and bond methodologies. The penny-pinching nature of these funds and the fact that they cater to institutions, corporations and high net worth individuals only is within the purview of investment banks.The mutual fund classifications contains a number of differing types, these are as followsObjective Oriented festeringThis type is organize so that it appreciates in value over time by investing principally in the common stock of companies that have shown or are showing a high harvest-festival potential.IncomeThese are coordinate to generate dividends on a regular basis as the priority, with growth in value as the secondary selection criteria.BalancedThese funds are a balance between growth and income funds thereby providing investors with dividend payouts while the fund appreciates in value as a result of the gro wth in the corporations selected.Market OrientedSpecializedThrough restrain holdings in one industry area these vault of heaven growth funds place their emphasis on one industry classification. The preceding entails risks if that classification or segments of that classification perform poorly. The reverse is also true if the sector experiences growth.Bond FundsThese tend to be conservative investments, principally in debt securities, with the objective of providing income while preserving capital. The focus is similar to Income Funds, which is the payment of dividends.MunicipalThese types of bonds can be either short or long term and represent state and or local government issuances.CorporateThese funds are composed of bond issuances by corporations and are guaranteed by companies to pay out both interest as well as principle.Zero-couponThese are bonds that are sold to investors at a discount and payout only on the matureness of the face value. Because the investor purchased the se at a discount, the face value represents the gain.InternationalThese are composed of the debt securities of corporations and governments located in other nations. As some countries pay higher rates, the gains can be interesting depending upon currency fluctuations and conversion rates. interchangeable SecuritiesThese funds invest in securities (debt) that permit conversion of their bonds into stock. The objective is the preservation of capital yielding growth and income.Money MarketMoney market funds invest in the short-term obligations, debt, of both governments and corporations and are structured by and large to permit smaller investors to participate for amounts starting at approximately $500, depending upon the fund. Without the fund, direct participation requires increments of $10,000. The pooled sums are then invested and managed.MultifundsThis type of fund invests in the functioning of other types of mutual funds.All WeatherThese are designed to weather all types of busin ess and economic phases.Emerging GrowthThese types of mutual funds invest in companies with high growth potential. uncommon MetalsAs the name indicates, these are funds that take positions in various types of valuable metals.GreenA newer category within this classification, Green Funds select growth companies that have a record of being reactive on environmental issues and adhere to policies within that arena.Chapter 2 ConclusionsInvestment banks cause a valuable purpose in financial and business markets through their handling of public offerings (IPOs) and private placements. These functions help corporations with their liquidity requirements and the issuance of securities. As investment banks can sell stock in an IPO as well as secondary offering and private placements they represent a centralized location that is able to fill the needs of corporations, governmental entities and high net worth individuals. The decades, and in some cases centuries of participation in high level finance has resulted in connections within finance arenas whereby investment banks maintain ties and associations at participation levels that are beyond commercial banks. In addition, this sector represents the top of the talent pool in finance, thus the intelligence compute exceeds the personnel employed in commercial banking.Because investment banks are originally paid on a success basis, their commitment to the deals is higher and so are the monetary rewards. Typically, the compensation in the industry ranges 50 through 60% of profits paid out to partners and employees. Investment banking executives, analysts, third-year bankers and junior partners generally earn twice their commercial bank counterparts as their jobs entail making money for the firm as well as performance reviews for themselves. The high pressure and performance nature of these positions means only the brightest in their fields work in this sector, thus the reason for investment banks receiving the biggest and the outdo of deals in all of the service function areas mentioned above.The preceding emphasis on profits, earnings, fees and performance might seem like a focus on greed, however it is geared to bring out the best, through competition among firms, which benefits investors, the general public and the economies of the countries in which these firms operate.BibliographyAllen, Linda, Jagtiani, Julapa, Sauders, Anthony. The Role of Bank Advisors in Mergers and Acquisitions. Federal countenance Bank of Chicago, Supervision and Regulation.Carosso, Vincent. 1970. Investment Banking in America, A History. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. ISBN 0674465741Constantinides, George, Harris, Milton, Stulz, Rene. 2002. Investment Banking and Securities Issuance. handbook of the Economics of Finance. ISBN 0444513639efmoody.com. 2005. IPOs. http//www.efmoody.com/investments/ipos.htmlKuhn, Robert. 1990. The Library of Investment Banking. Dow-Jones Irwin, Homewood, IL. ISBN 1556232993Lott, T om. 2001. hurdle Career head to Investment Banking. Vault. ISBN 1581311338Williamson, Peter. 1988. The Investment Banking Handbook. John Wiley Sons. ISBN 04718156241Footnotes1 Kuhn, Robert. 1990. The Library of Investment Banking. Dow-Jones Irwin, Homewood, IL. ISBN 15562329932 Carosso, Vincent. 1970. Investment Banking in America, A History. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. ISBN 06744657413 Lott, Tom. 2001. Vault Career Guide to Investment Banking. Vault. ISBN 15813113384 Ibid5 Lott, Tom. 2001. Vault Career Guide to Investment Banking. Vault. ISBN 15813113386 Williamson, Peter. 1988. The Investment Banking Handbook. John Wiley Sons. ISBN 04718156247 Ibid8 efmoody.com. 2005. IPOs. http//www.efmoody.com/investments/ipos.html9 Constantinides, George, Harris, Milton, Stulz, Rene. 2002. Investment Banking and Securities Issuance. Handbook of the Economics of Finance. ISBN 044451363910 Allen, Linda, Jagtiani, Julapa, Sauders, Anthony. The Role of Bank Advisors in Mergers and A cquisitions. Federal carry Bank of Chicago, Supervision and Regulation.11 Williamson, Peter. 1988. The Investment Banking Handbook. John Wiley Sons. ISBN 047181562412 Ibid13 Ibid14 Williamson, Peter. 1988. The Investment Banking Handbook. John Wiley Sons. ISBN 047181562415 Ibid

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the Mauritius

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the MauritiusCSR is non so new in the history of Mauritius. A Mauritian companys postulatement in CSR initiatives dates back to 20 years ago, which took place at varying points in time.Some 25% of companies had recently engaged in CSR activities since less than 4 years only, thus confirming the belief that CSR is an emerging trend in Mauritius.Legal Requirements for CSRThe Minister of Finance has established a legal insurance in its 2007 fiscal budget that on the whole registered companies would have to contri moreovere a certain percentage of their book profit towards programmes, as approved by the Government of Mauritius, that contribute to the companionable and environmental development of the country. However, non in all the firms were fully adhering to adopt this good corporate citizenship where oneness of the reasons for such(prenominal) non-compliance was that kind-hearted donations were no longer tax deductible, thus, discourag ing kindliness by businesses and individuals. Also, in that location was a relatively low train of sophistication of Mauritian night club in terms of demanding such good corporate practice.Seemingly, recognising the poor level of corporate citizenship in Mauritius, in July 2009, the Ministry of Finance introduced the CSR Fund whereby companies need to compulsorily contribute 2% of their PAT (Profit aft(prenominal) revenue evokement) to the mentioned fund.All companies need needs report their CSR contribution to the Mauritius Revenue Authority (MRA) at the time of submitting their Tax Returns. The companies have one year after the cfall back of their financial accounts to occupy this legal obligation pursuant to Section 50K and 50L of Income Tax Act. Companies, which fail to have by this obligation, atomic number 18 required to remit any amount odd to the MRA.In compliance with prevailing legislation, the CSR Fund is used to finance CSR activities such asAn overwhelming majority of organisations indulge in philanthropy by engaging in 3 major aras, namely, health and safety, education and companionship (including sports) whilst other companies prefer to sponsor educational and sports activities.Reasons behind CSRThe specific objectives for firms to engage in CSR activities areInterestingly, it is noted that nearly 50% of firms in Mauritius married person up with other organisations, such as NGOs in their CSR activities on a long-term or short-term basis term the others indulge in one-off partnerships. It is also noticed that almost all companies that partner with NGOs have describe satisfaction with such partnerships.Initially, engagement in CSR activities by most organisations was mainly image building vis--vis their internal and external community. Increasingly, internal and external stakeholders all expect business organisations to do more than making profit. Nowadays, Society expects organisations to go beyond mere compliance with law and regulations. Business is expected to key out and respect new or evolving ethical norms existence institutionalised in society (Carroll, 1999). Thus, this is why multinationals engage in CSR not only to enhance their image but also because they have to abide by their spherical policy.Hence, the minister stressed that the levies should not be perceived as a tax on efficiency. They are instead a gesture of commiseration and solidarity with those who cannot help themselves and with those who provide have no means of livelihood if they lose their jobs.CSR and Corporate GovernanceCSR and Corporate Governance are collectively formative the identity of organisations and are thus increasingly integrated into the business strategy of successful corporations. Subsequently, the field of responsible business strategy and practice is graceful one of the most dynamic and challenging subjects corporate leaders are facing today and possibly one of the most important ones for organization th e future of our world.Firms in the private sector in Mauritius as headspring as across the world do acknowledge that they have to residual, if not reconcile, their obligations to shareholders with explicit contributions to the external community. However, the way they contribute can differ considerably. disparate firms reveal their contents of their strategy according to the different stages of awareness of and fake on CSR they are. While some may agree on a minimum necessary stance to CSR involvement, others may adopt strategic ventures into situation areas to show their contribution to the investment and well-disposed communities.To maintain uniformity, the way the companies should kick downstairs their CSR involvement and compliance to law is laid out in the reckons of ethics, codes of manage and codes of corporate organisation of the companies corporate ethics. These codes essentially and principally establish and retch forward clear norms for corporate behaviour to b e observed by each director and employee set the rules for outlining the responsibilities of or proper practices for all in the organisation and shape organisational behaviour towards employees and society at large.Corporate presidential term hence mainstreams social and environment responsibility of corporations and brings awareness that firms off balance sheet environmental and social impacts can have tangible financial consequences. According to the economist and noble laureate Milton Friedman, Corporate Governance is to require the business in accordance with owner or shareholders desires, which generally will be to make as much money as possible, while conforming to the basic rules of the society embodied in law and topical anaesthetic customs.Nevertheless, nowadays this definition has been extended to include the interests of not only the shareholders but also of many stakeholders. There are many regulatory efforts rank to identify and codify good governance practices to m ap out the social and environmental, non-financial boundaries among the different participants in the corporation itself and other stakeholders. To promote corporate fairness, transparency and accountability, the law of Mauritius has provided for the Code of Corporate Governance under Section 7 of the Integrated Sustainability Reporting to converge the interests of individuals, corporations and society as nearly as possible through maintaining a balance between economic and social goals as pursued by Sir Adrian Cadburys definition of Corporate Governance. Also, Section 75 of the Financial Reporting Act (2004)1requires listed companies to present a corporate governance section in the annual report.While CSR aims at extending the legal requirements promoting ethics, philanthropy and social reporting to satisfy stakeholder concerns, Corporate Governance sets the legal mannequin to protect a companys shareholders, management, board and other stakeholders the relative emphasis being d ependent on national approaches. Effective corporate governance practices are essential to achieving and maintaining high levels of public trust and confidence in the company. new-fashioned surveys concerning CSR in Mauritius have revealed that the large organisations have a fair code of conduct/ethics/corporate governance showing their positive locating and acceptance of the existing codes of adopting good CSR practices. Though some firms do not hold a formal approach to CSR, they do derive monumental benefits in some way by, for instance, adopting good people management practices in terms of staff morale, productivity and employee retention.According to the report reviewing CSR in Mauritius by Deloitte (2008), despite the fact that Mauritian organisations have been involved in one way or the other in CSR undertakings, Mauritius still lags behind the westbound countries when it comes to CSR being integrated in organisational strategy, structure and operations. Issues like as ov erleap of information on CSR areas, absence of proper partnership, lack of audit after implementation and lack of coordination are deemed to hinder the organisations in their CSR actions. Nonetheless, there is continuously room for improvement to settle this practice among the local and multinational companies in Mauritius.

Analysis of Rio Tinto Mining Company

epitome of Rio Tinto Mining CompanyIndustry Rio TintoRio Tinto is a leading global mining decipher that focuses on finding, mining, processing and commercializeing the Earths mineral resources 1. Its mining mathematical process operates globally ranging from Copper additions in America, coal in South Africa to weigh in Australia. Its modern revenue in GBP sits at 27.22bn operating at a winnings income of 3.72bn. Year on year Rio Tinto grew net income at 433%. Since January 2016 fortune charges hold risen from 1700, to 3600, as the mining sector has exploded. Its no great surprise, with the costs of iron ores rising, the manufacturing sector exploding, and the demand for commodities having gone done the roof.Its main competitors argon also mining companies Anglo Ameri piece of tail plc, Glencore PLC and BHP to name a few. They exact followed akin trends to Rio Tinto and have seen their share equipment casualtys soar in the close recent months. Table 1.0 shows the compa rison in debt and equity between the quadruple companies.2015Debt (mil USD)Equity (mil USD)RIOLSE23,30037,349AALLSE17,96716,569GLENLSE48,98041,254BLTLSE31,17064,768In 2016 Rio Tinto has managed to cut its debt to $18,372mil and grew its equity to $39,290mi.2)By adept looking at figure 2.2 we cease determine how volatile the RIO share cost has been especially since the winter of 2015. It seems e truly some other month (since Nov 15), has any been strongly collateral or strongly negative. Before these months, the share bell followed a similar trend to that of the FTALLSH with a few exceptions (early 2013).The overall monthly spurious soften sits at 0.4%, 0.5% lower than the modal(a) mean issuance of FTALLSH. The standard deviation ( fortune) is also considerably higher at 8.31% (compared to 3.04% FTALLSH). As an investor, I would want my average succumb to be higher as the risk became higher. In this instance, this is not the case. FTALLSH has a higher outlet notwiths tanding a frequently lower risk, and as an investor, this would be my preferred choice. We moldiness take into account that if as an investor we took a long position with RIO at JAN 16, our share observe has doubled.Annual mean winnings selective information is measurable byWhen looking at one-year data (October of each year), we can see the mean return has significantly increased on two the FTALLSH and the RIO.The slope of the line through a portfolio is presumptuousness by the Sharpe ratio (figure 2.4). The risk free interest rate per annum is 1%. FTALLSH has higher annual returns than the risk free interest rate, but RIO has much lower returns. As an investor, you want rectify returns for higher risk. If the return is less than that of a risk free investing, the investment in RIO is not worth undertaking.3)Cor congener footmarks the peak in which two commercialises move in relation with each other. The correlation value ranges from -1 to +1. If the correlation i s 0, the grocerys do not move in relation at all. Both the annual and monthly data has a modal(a) correlation against the FTALLSH. This is probably mainly affected by the last 6 months data shown in figure 2.1, with how volatile the RIO trade has been. Covariance is also measured by how changes in one market are associated with changes in the other market. It doesnt really give the strength of the race between the two markets as well as correlation does. This is why it isnt used to determine the relationship but it is vital in finding the of import of the portfolio.Expected return = Volatility = Annual,Monthly,Annually, the of import of the RIO market vs the FTALLSH, is 0.75, to be anticipate, as the correlation is mediocre, and the mean return is also high. The Beta of the market should be exactly 1. Therefore, the asset is defensive. The expected excess return is linked to its risk. As the market has a Beta of 1, and the Beta of RIO is .75, the RIO beta is 25% less volatile . Monthly, the beta is supra 1 and is 44% more than volatile. If the market rises or falls by 1, the RIO return lead rise or fall by 1.44.The cracking Asset Pricing Model allows the investor to identify the best portfolio of risky assets without acute the expected return on each of securities 3. The CAPM equation (annual return) implies a positive result. As the annual return suggested by the CAPM is only 8.5%, and the annual return computed for RIO is 1.24%, the market is under-performing, and investors are being under-compensated for bearing the market risk. Monthly return is slightly positive.As the monthly return for RIO is 0.40%, and the monthly CAPM is 0.09%, Rio is outperforming the return suggested by the CAPM. Therefore, investors are being over-compensated for bearing the market-risk. The CAPM also implies that the annual return has a higher risk but worse return, and the monthly return has a lower risk but higher return 6.LimitationsMonthly risk free rate will not be exactly 1% every single monthReturn on the market. The market return at any given time can be negative.CAPM is a backwards looking model. Anything can happen (environmentally, semipolitically, etcetera) that can change the marketFTALLSH is a limitation and is not the true market portfolio.AnnuallyBeta = 0.75. If the market rose by 5%, the return would rise byIf the market fell by 10%MonthlyBeta = 1.44. If the market rose by 5%, the return would rise byIf the market fell by 10%The monthly return has higher opportunity of greater returns, (the Beta is higher), however it also has a higher run a risk of bigger losses. If the markets rose by 5%, annually the investor would make a 4% return, vs 6.8% return on monthly data.Annual ReturnThis government agency short cheat oning RIO Tintos shares, and buying excess shares of market x.If the portfolio returns are uncorrelated, this gives a correlation of 0.As we bonk = 0, the equation becomesWorking out the portfolios Beta4) CAPM Retu rn = 8.5%To work out the PV of the project the alliance is considering, the discount instrument is requisiteed to be fill inn. Assuming the companys required rate of return is given by the expected return on its equity, i.e. the CAPM return. As the CAPM equation has computed the expected returns, this is therefore the discount rate.The present value is worth more than the sign value of 554,509.46500,000 so its a good deal for the company. This project could be set up for a multitude of reasons, which may affect its markets price in a positive way, such as new jobs for a local area, which in turn will boost the company politically which may also contribute to the success of the company. It is also important to level that even though the present value of the cost of this project is better than the contract being offered, RIO Tinto wont be positive in net return until the 9th year.The NPV is positive as expected, so the benefits outweigh the costs 3.If the company wanted to prac ticed make cash money on 500,000 they could just invest (risk-free) receiving, 569,046 in 13 years time.5)The rule of comparables, values a firms cash flows directly, based on other firms (usually in a similar industry), that have similar cash flows or are expected to get under ones skin similar cash flows. The justness of star Price states that, If equivalent investment opportunities trade simultaneously in antithetic competitive markets, then they must trade for the same price in both markets 3. apply the Law of One Price we can use a company to measure (estimate) the valuation of a very similar company. As everyone knows, identical companies do not exist, but companies such as RIO, can have very similar competitors that prices can be judged by.The price/earnings ratio (share price / earnings per share), is the most commonly used ratio to measure the companys valuation. The more comparables there are, the better the reduced influence of any given company, do the overall res ult more trustworthy. When choosing the correct comparables to partake against RIO, they all should have similar growth rates, similar required rate of returns and similar remembering of earnings. I have chosen the deuce-ace other mining companies, (Anglo American plc, Glencore plc, BHP) to compare against RIO. To value a companys current price using multiples apply three other similar mining companies, to work out an average forward P/E ratio.According to Thomson Banker 9, the average P/E ratio of the three other companies (19.00) is much higher than the unfeigned 10.98 RIO value (+73.04%). The Last Price Close of RIO on the 20/02/2017 was 36.46. The value we calculated is much higher than the actual value. Therefore, we have overvalued the share price, and should be bought. The P/E multiple is high for companies that have higher growth rates. The current P/E ratios are high crosswise the board, with AAL, the only company estimating to grow its P/E next year. wholly three oth ers are expecting to stop growing, with BHP (BLT), to step back massively.The companies compared above, are all mining companies, having owing(p) performance in the markets, but realistically quite different. From figure 1.1, we know the difference in Equity and Debt values are similar, but RIO has much higher earnings per share (2.84), than any of the other three companies. opposite than the Forward P/E ratio, RIO has the best values for all the metrics. We know that when we average the other three companies out, that the multiples based analysis will in the main undervalue RIO. The differences are due to differences in expected risk, growth rate, etc. Multiples based valuation should ignore major anomalies, (e.g. GLENs 33.12 forward P/E ratio. Using the two other ratios gives an average of 11.98 which is much closer to the actual value of RIO). The set of comparables that were chosen (bar AAL), were not the best choice to match against RIO, as galore(postnominal) of the metric s were so far apart.Q6)Arbitrage opportunities proceed when a companys price across two markets is different, and will always have a positive Net Present Value. An investor, (who is known to be acquisitive and want any possible risk free return), will presently attempt to buy the lower priced share on one market, and sell the same share on the higher priced market, instantly making him/her a no risk return. anyone will attempt to trade using this method quickly, therefore, the lower priced market will rise and the higher priced market will fall, both eventually ending up at the same price. All markets aim to have an absence of arbitrage to stop any sordid investors from exploiting risk free returns.If equivalent investment opportunities trade simultaneously in different competitive markets, then they must trade for the same price in both markets 3. If the Law of One Price is being apply correctly, there will be in absence of arbitrage across all markets. Bond Prices and intere st rates also need to follow the Law of One Price. If a bond of a certain market gave a higher return than the risk free rate, they both need to follow the Law of One Price. The risk-free interest rate must equal the return from the investment of the risk-free bond.American Depository receipt are quick and easy ways for investors in the US, to trade with strange companies 10. US banks will buy remote shares and reissue them on US markets. However, each share does not equal the same amount as the original market. US banks will often group shares together, and reissue them on an individual basis on their markets. ADRs exist because foreign companies dont want the expense or fire of listing their stocks on the foreign to them US market 10. To invest in an ADR, brokers will need to buy foreign shares of said company, on their individual markets. He/she will then deliver these shares to a Custodian bank. another(prenominal) bank, the Depositary bank issues receipts, on the basis th ose shares held by Custodian banks. Those receipts can then be traded freely across US markets, with payments, allotnds etc., being give in US dollars. ADRs save money by reducing foreign taxes and administration costs, and also because they give the company exposure.There are many risks involved with ADRs. Like everyday market shares, there are political risks, inflationary risks etc. However, with ADRs, there are exchange rate risks. Using Tesco as the example 8, as the exchange rate of USD GBP continues to improve for the US market, many investors will be looking to buy into British companies as its cheaper for them to do so. As the British and US markets trade at different hours, the closing prices of the Tesco share will be different, but in the normal market, the price of Tesco will be the same across all of the three different exchanges, (the Law of One Price), relative to that of their respective growth rates.Every Tesco ADR share represents 3 normal shares 8. The current value of Tescos is 189.77p, and the value of its ADR = $7.19 7. If we divide the ADR value by 3.Using the current exchange rate of 1 = $1.25512 41.91 is slightly higher than the actual value of Tesco (1.90), but this is not taking into consideration the costs of administration, and exchange fees. The above is showing how the Law of One Price is applied across two different markets.Bibliography1 FT. (2017) Rio Tinto PLC, RIO LSE summary FT.com. accessible at https//markets.ft.com/data/equities/tearsheet/summary?s=RIOLSE (Accessed 24 February 2017).2 About us (2017) for sale at http//www.riotinto.com/about-us-108.aspx (Accessed 24 February 2017).3 Berk, J. and DeMarzo, P. (2013) Corporate finance. 3rd edn. Harlow Pearson/Education.4 GBP British chock up (no date) accessible at http//www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?From=GBPTo=USD (Accessed 24 February 2017).5 MINING (2011) Market data metal prices and world mining markets. Available at http//www.mining.com/market-data/ (A ccessed 24 February 2017).6 Payne, R. (no date) Foundations of Finance. Available at http//moodle.city.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=22726section-0 (Accessed 24 February 2017).7 Tesco PLC (ADR) OTCMKTS TSCDY quotes news Google finance (2017) Available at https//www.google.co.uk/finance?cid=664658 (Accessed 24 February 2017).8 Tescoplc (2016) ADR information. Available at https//www.tescoplc.com/investors/shareholder-centre/adr-information/ (Accessed 24 February 2017).9 Thomson ONE banker (no date) Available at http//banker.thomsonib.com (Accessed 24 February 2017).10 Staff, I. (2003) American depositary receipt ADR, in Available at http//www.investopedia.com/terms/a/adr.asp (Accessed 24 February 2017).

Liposuction Essay -- essays research papers

Liposuction is the most popular cosmetic force in the joined States. It came to North America in 1982. At first, the doctors used it on thighs, buttocks, and the torso. straightaway it give the bounce be used almost all over the body. The snatch of liposuctions performed increased by 386 percent from 1992 to 2000. More than 350,000 liposuctions were performed in 2000. Women bent the but unitarys worried ab bring out their looks. Last year more than 99,000 men subscribe up for liposuction and other cosmetic procedures. The most controversial category of new-made affected roles is teenagers. Last year, 1,645 teenagers 18 years old and younger had liposuction. The best candidates fro liposuction are normal-weight people with firm, elastic skin. They should be physically and mentally healthy, with realistic expectations. It can help obese people, but it has a much higher riskiness of complications when more round is suctioned out.There are dickens fibres of liposuction. T he first type is the tumescent technique. First they use local anesthetics to numb the area, unless its a large area, then they might use a general anesthetic. They mold a saline containing solution with anesthetic to reduce swelling and contuse after the surgery. Through a tiny incision, a narrow underground is inserted and used to vacuum the fat layer thats deep downstairs the skin. The tube is quickly pushed and pulled through the fat layer, breaking up the fat cells and suctioning them out. Fluid is lost along with the fat, and its crucial that this fluid be replaced during the procedure to prohibit shock. Because of this, endurings need to be care bountifuly watched and receive fluids. The other type of liposuction is ultrasound-assisted liposuction. The doctors use a heated probe that produces vibrations. The energy it produces causes the patients fat cells to rupture, spilling out their oily content. Then the doctors suction out the oil. After the surgery, the patient w ill experience fluid drainage from the incisions. The patient will also be fitted with a compression garment to preserve swelling and blood clots. The doctor may also prescribe antibiotics to prevent infections.Liposuction is a costly procedure. It can cost anywhere from 2,650 to 9,100 dollars. Its not usually covered by insurance, so patients have to pay full cost. Liposuction is an estimated 700 million dollar a year business.... ...actions. The following is an example of a liposuction fatality.A mothers death. No one knows better the Edward Mondeck and his two children, ages nine and eleven. Two years ago, Mondecks wife, Rosemarie, 39, decided to have a bit of tummy fat removed with a new procedure called tumescent liposuction. Typically, patients are primed just prior to surgery by injecting large amounts of extremely diluted local anesthetic and epinephrine, a medicine that shrinks the capillaries, which reduces bleeding and, many practitioners say, makes it easier to suck o ut the fat. According to Mondeck and his lawyer, after the drugs were injected, Rosemarie went into cardiac arrest and died. Mondeck sued, and an undisclosed settlement was reached out of court. A lawyer for the mendelevium involved declined to get into the issues of the case because of privacy concerns. It was supposed to be a touch-up procedure, says Mondeck. All she had was a fatty area above her bellybutton. That was just one of many. Judy Fernandes was just 47 years old. She spent ten hours on the plug-in and died. Lisa Marinelli was just 23 years old. She died of a blood clot the day after surgery.

dystopia Vs Utopia ( A clockwork orange Vs. Player Piano :: essays research papers

Utopia tidy sum be defined as a place immune from beastly treatment and absent of the hardships of society , where the population is blindfolded from fear, anxiety, and general interdict aspects of human nature. A utopia can be generalized as that correct society. This is one type of a drastic society. There is another, more dismaying type of society, that of a dystopia. A Dystopia is nor a fairyland or the promised-land same the utopia is, it looks at the chaos, anarchy, riot and disorder of a society. As we compare these cardinal opposite society types, thither are two books that are the bank note child of utopia and dystopia. Those two books are Kurt Vonneguts "Player Piano", and Anthony Burgesss "A Clockwork orange tree". In Kurt Vonneguts "Player Piano" we follow the hero Paul Protues by dint of his utopian society. Where in his society they have just recovered from a ten year war and now has been built up and ran solely by machines. Furthermo re a super computer always controls the populations actions, it acts as a shepherd leading the sheep. moreover where there are sheep there is always a ever lurking stern sheep, Paul is that of a black sheep. Through his journey in this utopian society we follow his rebellion against the super computer and machines. As Paul progresses in his society it becomes little and less of a utopia on more and more of a fury fed, totally governed society where there is little freewill. As we follow his journey we can see the changing society from a utopia to what Paul perceives as a dystopia. In Anthony Burgesss "A Clockwork Orange" we observe the antagonist Alex in his blatant dystopia society. Where in his society they have high criminal activity and few police. We follow Alex and his "droogs" as they acts like Vikings, raping, pillaging, and burning. Alex has no respect for integrity and order he rebels in part one of the novel . However Alex is eventually caught by th e police and put in click. In jail he is tricked to being rehabilitated to becoming a productive member of society. later on this forced rehabilitation Alex is then to perceive society as a utopian society and stop being so violent. He has muzzy his own freewill and his identity. When ever Alex thinks of violent images he then gets drift to his stomach.

Imported Cars :: essays research papers

Picture yourself in Orange County, California. As you walk on the gravel covered road, you grass a smart as a whip neon green Honda Prelude. When you take a scrawny look, you will see all kinds of logos. Pokemon, Honda, Greddy, Mugen, Transformer, TriZone, Kamikaze, Weapon R, Neuspeed, B bely Street Legal, HKS, Xenon, DC Sports, Catz, Nakayama, Venom, Napolex, Tokico, Momo, Honda Sport, and Street Glow are all popular logos you tail end find anywhere. As you turn a cheek, the suns bright beam is reflecting off the shiny chrome wheels. Since it is hurting your eyes, you turn or so right in front of you is a sticker that says Greddy Racing wash up System. As your eyes wonder downward, you see the 4.5-inch polish off tip. You condense up and leave with a huge smile and say, That is going to be my car one day.Stickers are the main characters in significance car shows. You can always get stickers of anything and about anything if your car is great, as any import car owner hopes it to be. To have millions of people value your car as much as you do, your car will strike to be unique by using manufacture logos. The manufacture owner wherefore gives you their logos, turbo chargers, leather seats, extinguish systems, and so on. It is obvious that import cars are more for looks then speed.Spoilers are the main item for dressing up the rear of the car. You can always keep the old-fashion manufacture spoiler that came with your car, but the spoiler that really makes heads turn are the tradition do ones. Favorites among the custom spoilers are the samurai leaf blade holder and the high wing. The high wing is made for looks and little for speed. The only true owners of the high wing spoilers are Toyota owners. Samurai sword holder spoilers are basically the same as three-piece spoilers. The three-piece spoilers are only for looks because they do not have the aerodynamic haoma or slick designs. (Chang 44)Every running car has to have an exhaust system. If y ou want a lot of speed, you would want a racing exhaust system. A racing exhaust system contains a racing header, a provision pipe with a custom tip. Mini draggers are another(prenominal) approach for looks, sound, and some speed. You can hear a mini dragger from miles away. My mommy always told me If you cant say anything nice then dont say it all.

Merchant of Venice Essay: The True Nature of Venetian Society

The idea of grace is important in The Merchant of Venice beca procedure it provides a focus for the line of products among Venetian Christian society and the noncitizen invader, represented by Shylock. Mercy occupies a rally position in the run injection (IV.i.), where the function struggle between aristocratic Venetian society and the threatening force Shylock comes to a climax. My thesis is that the contrast between (and equation of) mercy and revenge in the audition scene reveals the true nature of Venetian society as insecure , hypocritical and vengeful.             Mercy is clearly of greatest importance to the Christians in this text. It is only mentioned in the trial scene by two characters--the Duke (3 times) and Portia, in her guise as the lawyer Balthazar, (10 times). Mercy is significantly never mentioned by Shylock, implying either that he does not believe in it, or that he sees a vague motive behind the Christians in sistence that he should be merciful to Antonio. By looking at what mercy means to the Christians and how they use it in the trial scene, I will try to show how it acts as a mirror for their true value system. Mercy can be defined as kind and considerate treatment that you show to someone, specially when you forgive them or do not punish them. It is a Christian value associated with the mod Testament, thus contrasting with Shylocks Old Testament devotion and its image of a more stern and vengeful God. In the counterbalance half of the trial mercy and revenge are contrasted. The Duke appeals to Shylock to be merciful as if he shared their Christian values-- Shylock the homo have in minds, and I think so too, That thou but leadest this fashion of thy malevolence To ... ...is required to change by reversal a Christian. Shylock feels he might as well be dead-- Nay, dispense my deportment and all, pardon not that,- You sway my house, when you do simulate the prop That doth sustain my house you take my life When you do take the means whereby I live. IV.i.370-373. To the Christians, then, mercy has different meanings and uses in this trial scene. It is use to try to tempt Shylock to recognize Christian values as superior to his own, to tempt him with the delusion of power if he accepts them, and when he refuses, to fail him and take away all his economic, religious and racial power. This abuse of mercy also reveals Venetian society to be sordid for power, hypocritical in its use of Christian values for secular aims, and vengeful. Mercy, and its uses and misuses, is revealed as having a power far greater than is at first apparent.   Merchant of Venice Essay The accredited Nature of Venetian SocietyThe idea of mercy is important in The Merchant of Venice because it provides a focus for the contrast between Venetian Christian society and the alien invader, represented by Shylock. Mercy occupies a central position in the trial scene (IV.i.), where the power struggle between aristocratic Venetian society and the threatening force Shylock comes to a climax. My thesis is that the contrast between (and equation of) mercy and revenge in the trial scene reveals the true nature of Venetian society as insecure , hypocritical and vengeful.             Mercy is clearly of greatest importance to the Christians in this text. It is only mentioned in the trial scene by two characters--the Duke (3 times) and Portia, in her guise as the lawyer Balthazar, (10 times). Mercy is significantly never mentioned by Shylock, implying either that he does not believe in it, or that he sees a hidden motive behind the Christians insistence that he should be merciful to Antonio. By looking at what mercy means to the Christians and how they use it in the trial scene, I will try to show how it acts as a mirror for their true value system. Mercy can be defined as kind and considerate treatment tha t you show to someone, especially when you forgive them or do not punish them. It is a Christian value associated with the New Testament, thus contrasting with Shylocks Old Testament religion and its image of a more stern and vengeful God. In the first half of the trial mercy and revenge are contrasted. The Duke appeals to Shylock to be merciful as if he shared their Christian values-- Shylock the world thinks, and I think so too, That thou but leadest this fashion of thy malice To ... ...is required to become a Christian. Shylock feels he might as well be dead-- Nay, take my life and all, pardon not that,- You take my house, when you do take the prop That doth sustain my house you take my life When you do take the means whereby I live. IV.i.370-373. To the Christians, then, mercy has different meanings and uses in this trial scene. It is used to try to tempt Shylock to recognize Christian values as superior to his own, to tempt him with the delusion of power if he accepts them, and when he refuses, to crush him and take away all his economic, religious and racial power. This abuse of mercy also reveals Venetian society to be greedy for power, hypocritical in its use of Christian values for secular aims, and vengeful. Mercy, and its uses and misuses, is revealed as having a power far greater than is at first apparent.  

Aristotles View Essay -- Aristotle Philosophy Essays

Aristotles View Is life re altogethery about the money, the cash, the hoes, who has the biggest metallic chain or who drives the shiniest or fastest car, who sells the to the highest degree albums or who has the most respect? Aristotle challenges views, which are similar to the ones held and shown by rap artists such as Jay-Z and the Notorious B.I.G., by observing that everything in the universe, including humans, has a telos, or stopping point in life. He states that the goal of a human life is to chance upon happiness or eudaimonia. I believe that Aristotle is completely correct in his reasoning of the purpose of human nature. He even explains how happiness is polar for every person, and each different type of person has a different idea of eudaimonia. He then goes on to talk about how a person must do all things in moderation, not doing the trim but at the same time doing just enough. This idea, called the golden lowly of moderation was the backbone support to Aristotles i dea of human telos because it concluded that animate a virtuous life must be the same for all people because of the way human beings are built. Aristotle argued that the goal of human beings is happiness, and that we turn over happiness when we fulfill our function. Therefore, it is necessary to determine what our function is. The function of a thing, or its telos, is what it alone can do, or what it can do best. wish the function of the eye is to see, Aristotle declared the human being as the keen-witted animal whose function...

Educational Software Reviews :: Essays Papers

Educational Softwargon ReviewsSoftware Titles reviewed here1) Elmos reckoner ear auditory sensation2) compact disc read-only memory bobby pin3) BusyTown better(p) Christmas EverElmos Computer PhoneAges 12 months - 3 yearsPrice $79.95Distributor Hilad 02 9700 9377Publisher cosy InteractiveRequirements 486 DX, seduce 95, 8 MB RAM, 4 X CD-ROMRating lllllAlong with the Comfy keyboard this product is definitely the best scratch to introduce children under three and a half years, to the joy of performing on a computer. Its also great for and all preschoolers who have non yet mastered mouse control.U peach it is easy, you simply plug the phone in and move your keyboard to the side. The child operates the zippy displayed on the computer screen, by pressing buttons on the phone and listening to sound from the ear-piece and speaker. If you wish, the child female genitals play using sound from the ear-piece only. This has the added advantage of reducing household noise.The gage offer s hours of enjoyable play for preschoolers and encourages them to recognize shapes, sounds, objects, colours, and body parts. They can play peek-a-boo, sing along and join Big Bird and Elmo in the activities they present.CD-ROM SuitcasePic BusyTo.bmpAges 3-7 yearsPrice $69.95 Distributor Hilad 02 9700 9377Publisher Simon and SchusterRequirements 486 DX, Win 95, 8 MB RAM, 4 X CD-ROMMacintosh reason mac, body 7.1, 8 MB RAM, 4 X CD-ROMRating lllllanother(prenominal) bargain This CD-ROM Suitcase from Simon and Schuster, contains 12 CD-ROMS for kids aged 3-7 years. Though these are older titles, there are enough top quality ones include to deliver top value for money.The disks include Richard Scarrys Busytown, How things Work in Busytown, How numerous Bugs in a Box, More Bugs in Boxes, Alistair and the Alien Invasion, Earth 2U, Exploring Geography, Chicka Chicka holloa Boom, My Favourite Monster, Mooky Takes Manhattan, MacMillan Dictionary for Children and Road Construction Ahead. Th e most inappropriate game for Australia Money Town, features, US money. The other titles are of international interest however. Busytown for employment giving kids practice in adding, subtracting, measuring, counting, patern matching, problem solving and early edition skills.Similarly How Things Work in Busytown features eight activities that enable players to practice explicate recognition, vocabulary, pattern recognition, sequencing, community roles, problem solving, colour and counting skills in Busytown.3) BusyTown Best Christmas EverPic BestXmas.bmpAges 3-7 yearsPrice $49.95 Distributor Hilad 02 9700 9377Publisher Simon and SchusterRequirements Pentium 90, Win 95, 16 MB RAM, 4 X CD-ROMMacintosh Power mac, System 7.1, 8 MB RAM, 4 X CD-ROM

Teaching Philosophy Statement Essay -- Philosophy of Teaching Educatio

article of belief Philosophy StatementTeaching is a profession which allows bingle to cultivate galore(postnominal) lives. It is because of this opportunity to touch lives that I have decided to encipher the teaching profession. I understand that the benefits of this profession are mostly inbred as opposed to extrinsic, yet the thought of inspiring bookmans to learn drives me juxtaposed to the teaching profession. Monetary gain from a certain profession is nominal compared to the line uping that at the end of the day you have touched someones life. To summarize, the reason that I am entering the teaching profession, is my conviction to touch lives. Full of life and well lit will be two ways of describing my classroom. Nothing is more depressing than working in a dimly lit room. I hope to fill the walls with a few bulletin boards and yet not make the room compute crowded and cluttered. The clock will be placed at the campaign of the room so the students will be abl e to pace themselves and check over it clearly. I will seat in a traditional manor house but allow the students to sit were they like.Once in the classroom, I flavor my teaching style will lean toward that of a traditionalist. If one was to use up any college instructor in America to compare the high check graduate of today with the graduate of twenty years ago, they would almost everlastingly reply, The student twenty years ago was more equipped for college than the student of today. Upon further exploration, I found that many college level math courses were taught in the eighth and ninth grades in the early seventies. What does this have to do with me macrocosm a traditionalist you ask? America has left behind many of the great principles of education which made this nation great.In general ... ...d of leave that knowledge to others. When my student walks out of my classroom I pray that I change the way they view the world. My goal would be that each one feels my d esire to enlighten them academically. Knowing that thither are thousands of teachers out there doing there best in the struggle to educate, I still feel the urge to out and be the best I can be. umpteen of the old timers say, Just wait until you get in the classroom with a bunch of thirteen year olds cussing and carrying on and whose parents dont recall a $% and then well see whatll happen. My reply to this is simply, Well see, well see. So in any seminar I will attend or in every module meeting I am part of, I will be a continual learner. I will be faithful and do what I love.Teach Teaching with fire Teaching with passion Teaching with benignity I want to be a teacher.

Ts Eliot Mood And Theme :: essays research papers

T.S. Eliot -mood and themeWITH REFERENCE TO THE LOVE SONG OF J. ALFRED PRUFROCK AND PREDULES. DISCUSS HOW T.S. ELIOT CONVEYS modality AND THEMES. Both Prufrock and Preludes are based in the same rootless area of sordid tedium. In Prufrock Eliot is conveyance a theme a loyal theme and is based heavily in the Persona of Prufrock himself. Preludes is a rime of changing moods, some subtle, some profound but this time conveyed gener tout ensembley through diction and repetition. One theme of Eliots, The crawl in Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, is the moving picture of the modern individualistics in major power and refusal to address inadequacies that he sees in both him and his society. 2 ways Eliot conveys his theme is through the persona of Prufrock and repetition . One mode used by Eliot to expose this theme is his use of the persona of J Alfred Prufrock. Prufrock is in part a shallow conformist, 41 ....My morning coat, my comprehend mounting firmly to the chin, 42 My necktie rich and modest, but take a firm stand by a simple pin- 43 (They will say But how his weapons system and legs are thin)...... However, almost tragically, Eliot has Prufrock aware of the shallowness of the society to which he conforms. 26 There will be time, there will be time 27 To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet. Prufrock observes his societys ability to totally disregard any question of substance, that is, the overwhelming questions. Yet despite his observations Prufrock is non prepared to confront his society, more importantly, himself. In deeper tragedy Prufrock is defeated by his knowledge of his inadequacies and states quite sincerely, And in short, I was afraid Two of the minor themes of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock concern the frustrations felt by the individual towards their society. Specifically the individuals insignificance in their society and the individuals inability to express themselves and be understood as an individual indoors that societ y. Repetition plays a crucial role in conveying the theme of insignificance. The repetition of, They will say.., conveys Prufrocks feeling of insignificance and reveal a man totally absorbed in the judgments of others and not at all concerned with his worth as an individual. Eliots repetition of Do I dare? within the sixth stanza emphasises Prufrocks feeling of insignificance. Do I dare/ Disturb the universe? contempt the superficial judgments his society passes on him, Prufrock is still hesitant in utter out against their empty lives.